Diagnostic characterization of gypsum scale formation and control in RO membrane desalination of brackish water
نویسندگان
چکیده
The utility of a laboratory diagnostic approach was investigated for a systematic evaluation of the impact of operating conditions, membrane type, and antiscalant effectiveness on membrane mineral salt scale formation. The study focused on low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membrane desalting of brackish water with high potential for scaling by calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum). Gypsum scale formation, in the surface crystallization regime, was studied in a plate-and-frame RO system via flux decline measurements and membrane surface imaging. Membrane scale coverage increased with increasing level of surface gypsum supersaturation. However, membrane scaling propensity, as quantified by both t p e g m f s ©
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